In modern architecture and municipal engineering, pipeline laying and maintenance is a crucial link. The construction of pipeline opening is the foundation and key of pipeline installation process, which is directly related to the quality of subsequent construction and the stability and economy of the project. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a set of scientific and reasonable pipeline opening construction scheme. This paper will elaborate the basic principles of pipeline opening construction, construction preparation, construction technology, matters needing attention and quality control.

Ii. Preparation for construction

### 1. Construction site survey

Before the construction, it is necessary to conduct a detailed survey of the construction site to understand the terrain, geology, surrounding environment and existing underground facilities. Through site investigation, the potential risks can be avoided effectively and a reasonable construction scheme can be formulated.

### 2. Construction drawing review

Construction drawings are the basis for pipe opening. Before construction, it is necessary to carefully review the drawings to ensure that the contents of the drawings are accurate, especially important information such as the direction of the pipeline, buried depth, and pipe diameter. At the same time, it is also necessary to understand the material and specifications of various types of pipelines in order to choose the appropriate opening tools and methods.

3. Equipment and material preparation

The equipment and materials required for pipeline opening construction should be prepared in advance, mainly including:

- ** Drilling equipment ** : such as percussion drill, rock drill, cutting machine, etc., according to the material and diameter of the pipe to choose different equipment;

- ** Protective equipment ** : such as hats, belts, goggles, earplugs, etc., to ensure the stability of construction personnel;

- ** Pipe material ** : such as steel pipe, PVC pipe, PE pipe, etc., prepare the corresponding pipe material according to the design requirements;

- ** Tools ** : such as measuring tools, markers, levels, etc.

4. Personnel training and division of labor

Before construction, training and technical training should be conducted for personnel involved in opening construction to ensure that each construction personnel has mastered the basic operating procedures and precautions for opening holes. At the same time, reasonable division of labor is carried out according to the responsibilities of different positions to ensure efficient cooperation in the construction process.

3. Construction technology

### 1. Determine the opening position

According to the construction drawings, determine the opening position of the pipeline. When determining the location, the direction of the pipeline, the burial depth and the surrounding environment should be taken into account to avoid affecting the surrounding facilities.

### 2. Mark the hole range

After determining the location of the opening, use the marking tool to clearly mark the extent of the opening on the ground. The marking should be accurate to avoid deviation in subsequent construction.

### 3. Ground treatment

Before opening construction, the ground of the opening area should be treated to clean up debris and soil, so as to facilitate subsequent opening operations. If the floor is concrete or asphalt, you need to use a cutting machine for pre-cutting to reduce the difficulty of opening holes.

### 4. Opening construction

Opening construction can be divided into the following steps:

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#### 4.1 Select an appropriate opening method

According to the material and geological conditions of the pipeline, select the corresponding opening mode. Common opening methods are:

- ** Mechanical drilling ** : Suitable for soft geology such as soil, sand and stone, using percussion drill, rock drill and other equipment to open holes;

- ** Manual hole opening ** : Suitable for small pipes or places that are difficult to mechanize, using hand tools to open holes.

#### 4.2 Opening a hole

During the opening process, the construction personnel should strictly follow the operating procedures to ensure the quality of the opening. The steps are as follows:

1. ** Set the support ** : Before opening the hole, support the surrounding area to prevent the earth from collapsing.

2. ** Hole opening ** : According to the marked position, use the hole opening equipment to open the hole. The speed of opening holes should be controlled according to the geological conditions to avoid equipment damage or hole wall breakage.

3. ** Clean the holes ** : After the holes are completed, clean up the earth and debris in the holes in time to ensure the smooth installation of subsequent pipelines.

### 5. Pipeline installation

After the opening is complete, install the pipe according to the design requirements to ensure that the connection, sealing and support of the pipe meet the specifications. Pay particular attention to the slope and direction of the pipeline to ensure smooth drainage.

### 6. Backfill and recovery

After pipe installation is complete, backfill around the opening holes. The backfill materials should be rammed in layers to ensure level ground. According to the construction requirements, the ground can be restored if necessary, such as relaying concrete or asphalt.

Iv. Precautions in construction

### 1. Stability protection

In the construction process, the stability is one. Construction personnel must wear stable protective equipment to ensure themselves. At the same time, the construction site should be set up obvious warning signs to avoid irrelevant personnel to enter.

### 2. Environmental protection

In opening construction, the impact on the surrounding environment should be minimized. Noise and dust should be controlled during construction to ensure that the construction process meets the relevant regulations of environmental protection.

### 3. Construction records