Close-fit lining is a type of tunnel lining that involves the installation of precast concrete segments or steel plates to form a ring around the tunnel. This lining technique is commonly used in tunnels that pass through rock or other stable geological formations.

One of the advantages of close-fit lining is its ability to provide a high degree of structural stability and support to the tunnel. The precast concrete segments or steel plates used in this technique are designed to fit tightly together, creating a seamless ring that is highly resistant to the external pressure of the surrounding rock or soil.

Another benefit of close-fit lining is its ability to be installed quickly and efficiently. Because the precast concrete segments or steel plates are manufactured off-site, they can be easily transported to the construction site and assembled on-site using specialized equipment. This can significantly reduce the time and labor required to complete a tunnel project, making it a cost-effective option for many construction projects.

In addition to its structural stability and efficiency, close-fit lining also provides a high degree of protection against groundwater infiltration. The tight fit of the precast concrete segments or steel plates prevents water from seeping into the tunnel, reducing the risk of water damage to the tunnel and the surrounding environment.

Despite its many advantages, close-fit lining is not without its limitations. One of the main drawbacks of this technique is its limited flexibility in accommodating changes in the tunnel alignment or shape. Once the precast concrete segments or steel plates are installed, it can be difficult to modify the tunnel alignment or shape without significant additional cost and effort.

Overall, close-fit lining is a highly effective and efficient tunnel lining technique that offers many benefits in terms of structural stability, efficiency, and groundwater protection. While it may not be suitable for all tunneling projects, it is certainly a technique that should be considered by any construction project that requires a strong, stable, and durable tunnel lining solution.

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